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In 2005, Boyden et al. described the first light-activated tool for controlling neuronal activity, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), a blue light-activated cation channel, from the archaebacteria Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. When exposed to blue light, this channel activates neuronal ...
Using AAV vectors in complex biological systems can be tricky at best, and downright infuriating at worst. While it is tempting to just dive right in and start injecting your virus, a successful AAV experiment starts with validation and optimization. Although there are different ...
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a single stranded, Parvoviridae DNA virus, packaged in a non-enveloped icosahedral capsid, that can be used to express genes of interest in cell and animal models. AAVs are non-pathogenic, do not integrate into the host genome, and can be ...
We often think about the brain’s function in terms of its regions. But equally important is the way the brain connects across these regions, a process driven by neurons. By studying how neurons are physically connected, we can begin to understand how the brain works. It’s kind ...
Viruses are the SUVs of molecular biology – they can deliver materials to specific destinations, haul a variety of cargo, and even handle a variety of terrains. They are, in fact, a choice delivery vector from basic science research all the way to clinical gene therapy. But how ...
Viruses have many negative associations: common colds, COVID-19, norovirus (the stomach flu), and many more. Their infectious nature allows them to easily deliver their “cargo” to target cells and organisms, and when that cargo is designed to make you sick…well, you feel it. But ...
To deliver genes using lentiviral vectors, you need an envelope protein on the virus’s surface and a corresponding receptor in the host cell. Some of these envelope-receptor pairings are broad, allowing delivery into many cell types, while others are specific, allowing delivery ...
