Plasmids 101: Shuttle Vectors

By Emily P. Bentley

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A cartoon depiction of a lentiviral genome forming an episome in the presence of non-functional LV integrase. The linear lentiviral genome has a long terminal repeat (LTR) on each end. A split arrow shows two paths for circular episome formation. Homologous recombination within the LTRs results in a single LTR in the circular episome. Non-homologous end joining results in two adjacent LTRs in the circular episome.
Fingers picking up biological samples in a glass vial.
A smiling Blugene holding a cartoon western blot.
The nucleobases are shown with arrows describing conversions between them. In step one, an adenosine deaminase converts adenine to hypoxanthine (the nucleobase component of inosine); this is catalyzed directly by the base editor. Next, base excision of hypoxanthine (also by the base editor) could be repaired in two different ways by the cell, shown by an arrow that splits into two outcomes. The repair pathway leading to cytosine is favored by ACBEs, while the repair pathway leading to thymine is favored by AYBEv3 + Polη.
The nucleobases are shown with arrows describing conversions between them. In step one, a cytosine deaminase converts cytosine to uracil; this is catalyzed directly by the base editor. Next, base excision of uracil (also by the base editor) is repaired in two different ways by the cell, shown by an arrow that splits into two outcomes. Repair in E. coli leads to adenine, while repair in mammalian cells leads to guanine.

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