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Originally published Nov 12, 2015 and last updated Aug 20, 2020. Cas9 can be used to modify any desired genomic target provided that (1) the sequence is unique compared to the rest of the genome and (2) the sequence is located just upstream of a Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM ...
Originally published Aug 16, 2016 and last updated Aug 6, 2020 by Jennifer Tsang. When we talk about CRISPR applications, one negative often comes up: the low editing efficiency of homology-directed repair (HDR). Compared to non-homologous end joining, HDR occurs at a relatively ...
Originally published Nov 30, 2017 and updated Jul 31, 2020. Cas13 enzymes are quickly becoming major players in the CRISPR field. Just a year after Feng Zhang’s lab identified Cas13a (C2c2) (Abudayyeh et al., 2016) as a RNA-targeting CRISPR enzyme, they adapted Cas13b for ...
Originally published May 23, 2017 and last updated Jul 23, 2020 by Jennifer Tsang. CRISPR-Cas technology is constantly evolving. Variants of Cas proteins can be used for genome editing, activating gene expression, repressing gene expression, and much more. But there’s one thing ...
Base editors create specific point mutations in the genome, but they’re inefficient compared to CRISPR/Cas9 edits that rely on double strand DNA breaks. Due to this inefficiency it is crucial for scientists to not only easily identify base editing events in real-time but also ...
Originally published Dec 7, 2017 and updated Jul 2, 2020. Promoters may be the star of gene regulation, but enhancers and chromatin looping play important supporting roles. Enhancers are cis regulatory DNA sequences that, when bound by transcription factors, can increase a ...
Originally published Feb 14, 2017 and updated Jun 24, 2020. Epigenetic modifications are an additional layer of control over gene expression that go beyond genomic sequence. Dysregulation of the epigenome (the sum of epigenetic modifications across the genome) has been ...
